Municipal administration in Chapra has existed for several decades under the erstwhile Chapra Nagar Parishad. In view of the city's increasing population, expanding urban limits and growing civic requirements, the Government of Bihar upgraded Chapra Nagar Parishad to Chapra Municipal Corporation in 2016.

Following the upgradation, the State Election Commission initiated the process of ward reorganisation and delimitation. The existing forty-four wards were reconstituted into forty-five municipal wards, thereby enabling a more representative and efficient system of urban governance. The first elections to the Municipal Corporation were subsequently conducted in accordance with the provisions of the Bihar Municipal Act.

Since its constitution, Chapra Municipal Corporation has undertaken the responsibility of strengthening civic infrastructure, improving sanitation, expanding public services and promoting planned urban development for the residents of the city.